Genesis Global Trading has obtained a BitLicense from the state Department of Financial Services (DFS), making it only the fifth firm in three years to receive the controversial license.

The cryptocurrency market maker, based in New York City, and DFS announced the news in separate press releases Thursday.

In the regulator's release, New York financial services superintendent Maria Vullo said, "New York continues to lead the nation in regulating the growing fintech industry."

But the BitLicense has come in for intense criticism from cryptocurrency entrepreneurs. Speaking at CoinDesk's Consensus 2018 conference Tuesday, ShapeShift CEO Erik Voorhees called the regulation an "absolute failure" that "should be removed." He said it was "pathetic" that only a handful of firms had received BitLicenses after three years. "That's the rate of innovation in New York."

Several exchanges have stopped operating in the state, including ShapeShift and Kraken.

Despite lacking a BitLicense prior to this week, Genesis Trading has been operating in New York under a safe harbor provision.

The market maker caters to high net worth and institutional investors and offers round-the-clock trading in bitcoin, bitcoin cash, ether, ethereum classic, XRP, litecoin and zcash.

Separately, the DFS also authorized Paxos Trust Company, formerly known as itBit, to operate "a permissioned, blockchain-based post-trade platform settlement service" for precious metals, called Bankchain.

Paxos holds a limited-purpose trust company charter from DFS, as does Gemini Trust Company, a cryptocurrency exchange.

New York became the first state to craft a regulatory structure specifically for cryptocurrencies in 2014, and finalized the BitLicense in August 2015.

The other four firms to receive the license are Circle, in 2015; XRP II, a Ripple subsidiary that sells XRP, the following year; and Coinbase and bitFlyer in 2017.

Correction: An earlier version of this article misdescribed Genesis' business model. It is a market maker, not an exchange.